Codependency, Phobias & Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Codependency is found on one end of the spectrum of OCD.
A man spends three hours in the bathroom every day,
repeatedly washing himself, pursued by the thought that
he might pass on a deadly disease to anyone he touches.
Another man cannot prevent himself from driving back
to reexamine every place on the road where he has hit a
bump, because the thought that he has run someone
over keeps forcing itself on him. A third man has
stopped cooking for fear that he will poison his wife,
and has stopped using electrical appliances for fear of
causing a fire. A woman feels a recurrent urge to kill her
children. Every time a teenage girl is kissed, for several
days afterward she is unable to dismiss the thought that
she has become pregnant.
All of these people have symptoms of an obsessive
compulsive disorder, they are tyrannized by repetitive
acts or thoughts people are unable to get an
idea out of their mind: example, they are preoccupied
by sexual, aggressive, or religious thoughts compulsive
people feel compelled to perform a particular act
or series of acts over and over again: example, repetitive
hand washing or stepping on cracks in the sidewalk.
History and literature abound with characters
who have suffered from obsessions and compulsions.
Obsessions usually involve doubt, hesitation and fear
of contamination, or fear of one's own aggression. The
most common forms of compulsive behavior are counting,
ordering, checking, touching, and washing. A few
victims of obsessive-compulsive disorder have purely
mental rituals; or example, to ward off the obsessional
thought or impulse they might recite-a-series of magic
words or numbers.
Compulsive rituals may become elaborate patterns
of behavior that include many activities. For example, a
man requires that his furniture never be left an inch out
of place, and feels a need to dress and undress , brush
his teeth, and use the toilet in a precise, unvarying order,
all the time doubting whether he has performed
this sequence of actions correctly, and often repeating it
to make sure. Most theorists believe that compulsive
behavior serves to divert attention from obsessive
thought. In any case, compulsive rituals become a
protection from anxiety...as long as they are practiced-correctly,
the individual feels safe.
People who suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder
are very cautious. Like victims of phobias and
other anxiety disorders, they unreasonably anticipate
catastrophe and loss of control. In general, victims of
phobias fear what might happen to them, whereas victims
of obsessive-compulsive disorders fear what they might
do. There are mixed cases, however; for example fear of
knives might be associated with the obsessional thought
that one will hurt someone if one picks up a knife, and
fear of elevators might be brought on by a recurrent
impulse to push someone down the shaft. An obsessional
thought about shouting obscenities during a sermon
might lead the victim to avoid attending church,
just as a phobia about the sound of church bells would.
Normally, the object of a phobia can be avoided while
an obsession cannot be, but again there are mixed cases;
a dirt phobia may be as intrusive as an obsession, because
dirt is everywhere.
Because of their seemingly senseless character, obsessive-
compulsive reactions, like phobias, are extremely
intriguing and challenging to clinical workers,
researchers, and lay observers.
The exact incidence of obsessive-compulsive disorder
is hard to determine. The victims tend to be secretive
about their preoccupations and frequently are
able to work effectively in spite of them; consequently,
their "problems" are probably underestimated. Obsessive-
compulsive disorder is more common among upper-
income, somewhat more intelligent individual. It
tends to begin in late adolescence and early adulthood,
and males and ~males are equally likely to suffer from
it . A relatively high proportion of obsessive-compulsives
and some surveys report up to 50 percent-remain
unmarried.
Shakespeare 's Lady Macbeth was haunted by a constant impulse to wash her hands. Eccentric billionaire Howard Hughes, later to become incapacitated by his obsessional symptoms, is shown here during an earlier period when his success was at a peak.
A man spends three hours in the bathroom every day,
repeatedly washing himself, pursued by the thought that
he might pass on a deadly disease to anyone he touches.
Another man cannot prevent himself from driving back
to reexamine every place on the road where he has hit a
bump, because the thought that he has run someone
over keeps forcing itself on him. A third man has
stopped cooking for fear that he will poison his wife,
and has stopped using electrical appliances for fear of
causing a fire. A woman feels a recurrent urge to kill her
children. Every time a teenage girl is kissed, for several
days afterward she is unable to dismiss the thought that
she has become pregnant.
All of these people have symptoms of an obsessive
compulsive disorder, they are tyrannized by repetitive
acts or thoughts people are unable to get an
idea out of their mind: example, they are preoccupied
by sexual, aggressive, or religious thoughts compulsive
people feel compelled to perform a particular act
or series of acts over and over again: example, repetitive
hand washing or stepping on cracks in the sidewalk.
History and literature abound with characters
who have suffered from obsessions and compulsions.
Obsessions usually involve doubt, hesitation and fear
of contamination, or fear of one's own aggression. The
most common forms of compulsive behavior are counting,
ordering, checking, touching, and washing. A few
victims of obsessive-compulsive disorder have purely
mental rituals; or example, to ward off the obsessional
thought or impulse they might recite-a-series of magic
words or numbers.
Compulsive rituals may become elaborate patterns
of behavior that include many activities. For example, a
man requires that his furniture never be left an inch out
of place, and feels a need to dress and undress , brush
his teeth, and use the toilet in a precise, unvarying order,
all the time doubting whether he has performed
this sequence of actions correctly, and often repeating it
to make sure. Most theorists believe that compulsive
behavior serves to divert attention from obsessive
thought. In any case, compulsive rituals become a
protection from anxiety...as long as they are practiced-correctly,
the individual feels safe.
People who suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder
are very cautious. Like victims of phobias and
other anxiety disorders, they unreasonably anticipate
catastrophe and loss of control. In general, victims of
phobias fear what might happen to them, whereas victims
of obsessive-compulsive disorders fear what they might
do. There are mixed cases, however; for example fear of
knives might be associated with the obsessional thought
that one will hurt someone if one picks up a knife, and
fear of elevators might be brought on by a recurrent
impulse to push someone down the shaft. An obsessional
thought about shouting obscenities during a sermon
might lead the victim to avoid attending church,
just as a phobia about the sound of church bells would.
Normally, the object of a phobia can be avoided while
an obsession cannot be, but again there are mixed cases;
a dirt phobia may be as intrusive as an obsession, because
dirt is everywhere.
Because of their seemingly senseless character, obsessive-
compulsive reactions, like phobias, are extremely
intriguing and challenging to clinical workers,
researchers, and lay observers.
The exact incidence of obsessive-compulsive disorder
is hard to determine. The victims tend to be secretive
about their preoccupations and frequently are
able to work effectively in spite of them; consequently,
their "problems" are probably underestimated. Obsessive-
compulsive disorder is more common among upper-
income, somewhat more intelligent individual. It
tends to begin in late adolescence and early adulthood,
and males and ~males are equally likely to suffer from
it . A relatively high proportion of obsessive-compulsives
and some surveys report up to 50 percent-remain
unmarried.
Shakespeare 's Lady Macbeth was haunted by a constant impulse to wash her hands. Eccentric billionaire Howard Hughes, later to become incapacitated by his obsessional symptoms, is shown here during an earlier period when his success was at a peak.
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